ECOSYSTEM class 12
● Ecosystem is the interaction of living things among themselves and with their surrounding environment. ● There are two basic ecosystems − terrestrial and aquatic. Structure of Ecosystem ● The interactions between the various biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem lead to the maintenance of the ecosystem. ● Stratification is the vertical distribution of the different species occupying the different levels. For example, trees occur at a higher level then shrubs. ● The various aspects taken into consideration to study the functioning of ecosystem are: ○ Productivity ○ Decomposition ○ Energy flow ○ Nutrient cycling Productivity ● A constant supply of sunlight is required for the proper functioning of any ecosystem. ● The amount of biomass produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis is defined as the primary productivity. ● It is expressed as weight (g −2) or energy (Kcal m−2). ● Productivity can be mainly divided into gross primary productivity (GP...